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来源：彩票注册2023-09-24 17:48

中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

　　中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。

　　2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

　　日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

　　日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

　　事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。

　　因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。

　　日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

　　《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

　　德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

　　日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

　　国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。

　　太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。

　　Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

　　By John Lee

　　(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

　　Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

　　The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

　　On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

　　The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

　　In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

　　Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

　　The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

　　The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

　　The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

　　According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

　　As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

　　However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

　　Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

　　The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

　　If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

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多渠道增加城乡居民收入******

　　作者：杜海涛

　　居民收入持续增长，一定能够更好释放消费潜力，提振市场信心，形成共促高质量发展合力

　　中央经济工作会议提出：“要把恢复和扩大消费摆在优先位置。增强消费能力，改善消费条件，创新消费场景。多渠道增加城乡居民收入，支持住房改善、新能源汽车、养老服务等消费。”

　　提高城乡居民收入水平，尤其是中低收入人群的收入水平，是恢复和扩大消费的重要基础。党的十八大以来，我国不断深化收入分配制度改革，城乡和区域居民收入差距持续缩小，收入分配格局明显改善。各地区各部门持续完善消费市场环境，推动消费结构优化升级。消费对于扩大国内市场需求、推动经济社会发展的基础性作用日益凸显。

　　2022年前三季度，全国居民人均可支配收入27650元，比上年同期名义增长5.3%，扣除价格因素，实际增长3.2%。当前，我国经济恢复的基础尚不牢固，需求收缩、供给冲击、预期转弱三重压力仍然较大。多渠道增加城乡居民收入，增强消费能力，充分释放消费潜力，迫切需要多措并举、拓宽渠道。

　　落实落细就业优先政策，稳定市场主体，进一步提升劳动报酬和经营性收入。劳动报酬是城乡居民收入的主要来源，近年来，我国劳动报酬在初次分配中占比有所提高，但仍然有较大的提升空间。要进一步推进减税降费，减轻企业发展负担，鼓励更多创新创业类企业健康发展。目前，我国灵活就业人员规模较大，需要加快完善就业权益保障的政策与制度安排，提高中小微企业、个体工商户和灵活就业者的经营性收入。

　　完善分配制度，创新收入分配方式，广开增收门路。分配制度是促进共同富裕的基础性制度，要坚持按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存，提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重。探索多种渠道增加中低收入群众要素收入，增加城乡居民财产性收入，实现居民收入增长和经济增长基本同步，劳动报酬提高与劳动生产率提高基本同步。

　　健全多层次社会保障体系，消除消费的后顾之忧。社会保障体系是人民生活的“安全网”和社会运行的“稳定器”。要深化医药卫生体制改革，完善基本养老保险全国统筹制度，发展多层次、多支柱养老保险体系，提升基本公共服务均等化水平。减轻居民家庭在住房、教育、育幼、医疗、养老等方面的支出负担,稳定消费预期。

　　多渠道增加城乡居民收入，特别是低收入群体收入。要加强普惠性、基础性、兜底性民生建设，持续提高低收入群体收入。加大税收、社保、转移支付等调节力度和精准性，改善收入和财富分配格局，提升人力资本水平和人的全面发展能力，千方百计增加就业机会。

　　可以相信，随着居民收入持续增长，一定能够更好释放消费潜力，提振市场信心，切实发挥出消费支出对经济增长的基础性支撑作用，形成共促高质量发展合力，助推经济发展跃上新水平。

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

[责编：天天中]

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